Reported Speech: O Guia Definitivo Para Dominar o Discurso Indireto

Você já precisou contar para alguém o que outra pessoa disse? O Reported Speech (Discurso Indireto) é essencial para relatar conversas, notícias e informações no inglês! Esta é uma das habilidades mais importantes para comunicação fluente.

Neste guia completo, você vai aprender tudo sobre Reported Speech de forma simples e prática. Prepare-se para finalmente entender como relatar o que outros disseram sem erros!

O Que É Reported Speech?

Reported Speech é a forma de relatar o que alguém disse sem usar as palavras exatas da pessoa. É como contar uma história sobre uma conversa que você ouviu.

Exemplo:

• Direct Speech: “I am tired,” she said. (Discurso direto)
• Reported Speech: She said that she was tired. (Discurso indireto)

A diferença é que no discurso direto você usa as palavras exatas, e no indireto você “traduz” o que a pessoa disse.

Como Formar o Reported Speech

Estrutura Básica

Sujeito + verbo introdutório + (that) + nova frase

Os verbos introdutórios mais comuns são:

• Say (dizer)
• Tell (contar/dizer para)
• Ask (perguntar)
• Explain (explicar)

Mudanças Necessárias

Quando transformamos discurso direto em indireto, três coisas podem mudar:

1. Tempo verbal (verb tense)
2. Pronomes (pronouns)
3. Expressões de tempo e lugar (time/place expressions)

Parece complicado? Nas minhas aulas, você aprende um método simples para nunca mais errar essas transformações!

Mudanças nos Tempos Verbais

Present Simple → Past Simple

• Direto: “I work here,” he said.
• Indireto: He said that he worked there.

Present Continuous → Past Continuous

• Direto: “I am studying,” she said.
• Indireto: She said that she was studying.

Present Perfect → Past Perfect

• Direto: “I have finished,” he said.
• Indireto: He said that he had finished.

Past Simple → Past Perfect

• Direto: “I went home,” she said.
• Indireto: She said that she had gone home.

Future (will) → Would

• Direto: “I will call you,” he said.
• Indireto: He said that he would call me.

Modal Verbs

• Can → Could
• May → Might
• Must → Had to
• Should → Should (não muda)
• Could → Could (não muda)

Mudanças nos Pronomes

Os pronomes mudam dependendo de quem está falando:

Exemplos Práticos:

• Direto: “I am happy,” Mary said.
• Indireto: Mary said that she was happy.
• Direto: “You are late,” he told me.
• Indireto: He told me that I was late.
• Direto: “We will come,” they said.
• Indireto: They said that they would come.

Quer dominar essas mudanças? Minhas aulas incluem exercícios específicos para cada tipo de pronome!

Mudanças nas Expressões de Tempo

Expressões de Tempo Passado

• Today → That day
• Yesterday → The day before / The previous day
• Tomorrow → The next day / The following day
• This week → That week
• Last week → The week before / The previous week
• Next week → The following week
• Now → Then
• Here → There
• This → That
• These → Those

Exemplos:

• Direto: “I will see you tomorrow,” she said.
• Indireto: She said that she would see me the next day.
• Direto: “I bought this yesterday,” he said.
• Indireto: He said that he had bought that the day before.

Say vs Tell

Esta é uma dúvida muito comum! Vamos esclarecer:

Say

• Usado sem mencionar para quem você está falando
• Estrutura: say + (that) + frase

Exemplos:

• She said that she was tired.
• He said he would come later.

Tell

• Usado com a pessoa para quem você está falando
• Estrutura: tell + pessoa + (that) + frase

Exemplos:

• She told me that she was tired.
• He told us he would come later.

Dica Prática:

• Say TO someone (dizer para alguém)
• Tell someone (contar para alguém)

Nunca mais confunda Say e Tell! Nas minhas aulas, você aprende truques simples para usar cada um corretamente.

Relatando Perguntas

Yes/No Questions

Use asked if/whether para perguntas de sim/não:

• Direto: “Are you coming?” he asked.
• Indireto: He asked if I was coming.
• Direto: “Did you finish?” she asked.
• Indireto: She asked whether I had finished.

Wh-Questions

Use asked + palavra interrogativa para perguntas com wh:

• Direto: “Where do you live?” he asked.
• Indireto: He asked where I lived.
• Direto: “What time is it?” she asked.
• Indireto: She asked what time it was.

Importante: A ordem das palavras muda para afirmativa!

Relatando Comandos e Pedidos

Comandos (Orders)

Use told + pessoa + to + infinitivo:

• Direto: “Close the door,” he said.
• Indireto: He told me to close the door.

Pedidos (Requests)

Use asked + pessoa + to + infinitivo:

• Direto: “Please help me,” she said.
• Indireto: She asked me to help her.

Comandos Negativos

Use told/asked + pessoa + not to + infinitivo:

• Direto: “Don’t be late,” he said.
• Indireto: He told me not to be late.

Quer praticar comandos e pedidos? Minhas aulas oferecem exercícios baseados em situações reais!

Outros Verbos Introdutórios

Verbos com Significados Específicos

• Suggest (sugerir): He suggested going to the movies.
• Admit (admitir): She admitted that she was wrong.
• Deny (negar): He denied stealing the money.
• Promise (prometer): She promised to call me.
• Warn (avisar): He warned me not to go there.
• Remind (lembrar): She reminded me to buy milk.
• Invite (convidar): He invited me to come to the party.
• Advise (aconselhar): She advised me to study more.

Exemplos em Contexto:

• Direto: “You should study more,” she said.
• Indireto: She advised me to study more.
• Direto: “I will definitely call you,” he said.
• Indireto: He promised to call me.

Quando NÃO Mudar o Tempo Verbal

Verdades Universais

• Direto: “The sun rises in the east,” he said.
• Indireto: He said that the sun rises in the east.

Fatos Ainda Verdadeiros

• Direto: “I live in São Paulo,” she said (e ainda mora lá).
• Indireto: She said that she lives in São Paulo.

Quando o Verbo Introdutório Está no Presente

• Direto: “I am tired,” she says.
• Indireto: She says that she is tired.

Precisa entender melhor essas exceções? Minhas aulas explicam cada situação com exemplos práticos!

Erros Comuns e Como Evitá-los

Erro 1: Não Mudar o Tempo Verbal

❌ She said that she is tired. ✅ She said that she was tired.

Erro 2: Confundir Say e Tell

❌ She said me that she was happy. ✅ She told me that she was happy.

Erro 3: Não Mudar os Pronomes

❌ John said that John was busy. ✅ John said that he was busy.

Erro 4: Não Mudar as Expressões de Tempo

❌ She said she would come tomorrow. ✅ She said she would come the next day.

Exercícios Práticos Para Fixar

Transforme em Reported Speech:

1. “I am learning English,” she said.
2. “We will visit you tomorrow,” they said.
3. “Are you coming to the party?” he asked.
4. “Close the window,” she said.

Respostas:

1. She said that she was learning English.
2. They said that they would visit us the next day.
3. He asked if I was coming to the party.
4. She told me to close the window.

Complete as Frases:

1. “I have finished my work,” he said. He said that he _______ his work.
2. “Don’t forget to call me,” she said. She told me _______ to call her.
3. “Where do you live?” he asked. He asked where I _______.

Respostas:

1. had finished
2. not to forget
3. lived

Quer mais exercícios como esses? Minhas aulas online oferecem centenas de exercícios práticos com correção personalizada!

Dicas Para Praticar Reported Speech

1. Pratique com Notícias

Leia notícias e transforme as citações em reported speech:

• Notícia: The president said, “We will improve the economy.”
• Prática: The president said that they would improve the economy.

2. Use Conversas do Dia a Dia

Pratique relatando conversas que você teve:

• “My friend told me that she was going to travel.”
• “My boss asked me to finish the report.”

3. Assista Filmes e Séries

Observe como os personagens relatam conversas:

• “She said she loved me.”
• “He told me not to worry.”

Reported Speech em Diferentes Contextos

1. Ambientes Profissionais

• “The manager announced that the meeting was postponed.”
• “The client asked when the project would be finished.”
• “My colleague suggested working overtime.”

2. Conversas Informais

• “My mom told me to clean my room.”
• “My friend said she was feeling better.”
• “The teacher asked if we had done our homework.”

3. Notícias e Mídia

• “The politician denied the accusations.”
• “The scientist explained that the research was promising.”
• “The witness admitted seeing the accident.”

Quer dominar o Reported Speech em todos os contextos? Minhas aulas oferecem exercícios específicos para cada situação!

Estruturas Avançadas

Reported Speech com Gerúndio

Alguns verbos são seguidos de gerúndio:

• Suggest: “Let’s go to the beach,” he said. → He suggested going to the beach.
• Admit: “I made a mistake,” she said. → She admitted making a mistake.

Reported Speech com Infinitivo

Outros verbos são seguidos de infinitivo:

• Agree: “I will help you,” he said. → He agreed to help me.
• Refuse: “I won’t do it,” she said. → She refused to do it.

Reported Speech no Passado Perfeito

Quando o verbo introdutório está no passado perfeito:

• Exemplo: She had said that she was tired.

Reported Speech vs Direct Speech

Vantagens do Reported Speech:

• Mais natural em narrativas
• Permite resumir conversas longas
• Evita repetição de aspas
• Flui melhor em textos formais

Quando Usar Direct Speech:

• Para citações exatas
• Em diálogos de histórias
• Para dar mais impacto
• Em entrevistas jornalísticas